Promotion of both new and existing products can standout without price Coursework

Promotion of both new and existing products can standout without price reduction - Coursework Example The development of such brands shows that promotion of both new and old products can stand out and result in immense profitability without an element of price reductions. The development of such brands by Apple, Nike and Wal-Mart among others continues to show the position retail revolution that continues to influence the nature of brand-customer relationship as the discussion below portrays. As explained earlier, price is an equally significant element of the marketing mix that influences the profitability of a product since customers often consider the price of products. Despite such basic understandings, modern marketing trends such as the evolution of retail marketing coupled with retail revolution continue to restructure the market place. Currently, marketers have succeeded in developing effective brand loyalty with customers who can overlook the price of a product. Such developments show changing consumer behavior and the consumer purchasing decisions. Additionally, the inception and use of social media in the promotion has succeeded in enhancing the process of developing formidable brand loyalties. The form of new media provides both retailers and manufacturers with unique opportunities to interact with their target customers thereby influencing the trends in the society. Effective brands influence cultures in the society with customers purchasing the products of a particular brand irrespective of the price of the products. Understanding consumer behavior and consumer buying decisions are vital in the process of developing effective brands capable of overcoming the allure of price in marketing. Consumer behavior refers to the study of organizations, groups and individuals with the view to understand how they secure, use and dispose of both products and services. Understanding consumer behavior and their purchasing decisions is the basic drill in promoting either old or

Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation - Essay Example Discretionary authority refers to the power to act in accordance with one judgment or discretion. Before a judge or any other person in power in the criminal justice, he or she ought to apply values and principles to facts. Exercise of discretion occurs in different ways, depending on each criminal justice system. Discretionary authority is practiced and exercised in various fields of criminal justice. For instance, discretion occurs when reporting crimes. Some criminal justice systems do not respond to little crimes, like the theft of an item that is of little or no value. The victim of such a minor crime has the discretion to report or not report such a crime to the authority. If there was no witness, when such a crime was committed, then, it would be futile reporting such a crime; hence, most of such crimes go unreported. Police use discretion, in response to reported crimes or cases. Police officers have some discretion, even though they are required to act according to the law a nd professional ethics. For instance, in youth justice such police officers have the authority to hold a youth justice conference, proceed by administering a caution, or proceed by charge in the Children’s Court. Discretion is again practiced in investigation, arrest and charge; police officers may either investigate or fail to investigate an officially reported crime. For example, some criminal justice systems do not require investigation of fraud allegations, unless such frauds are immensely high.... Police officers have some discretion, even though they are required to act according to the law and professional ethics. For instance, in youth justice such police officers have the authority to hold a youth justice conference, proceed by administering a caution, or proceed by charge in the Children’s Court. Discretion is again practiced in investigation, arrest and charge; police officers may either investigate or fail to investigate an officially reported crime. For example, some criminal justice systems do not require investigation of fraud (below $10, 000) allegations, unless such frauds are immensely high (Raines, 2011). However, not all people, in such criminal justice systems, agree to the lack of investigation of such fraud, even though police officers have the discretion to act in such a manner. This is a clear indication of controversial exercise of discretion by some criminal justice systems. When an investigation is carried out, police officers have the power to de cide where such an investigation should be carried out, and the people to be contacted. Police officers have the obligation to make the right decision in approaching a suspect. They may decide to arrest or issue a Court Attendance Notice to such a suspect. Such decision affects both the offender and the community at large; the community may be exposed to further offending, and the offender’s liberty may be put at a risk. Discretionary considerations are exercised when police officers seek advice from prosecutor to establish criminal charges. The community exercise its discretion since some people, in the community, act as witness during a court proceeding. The offender exercise judgment at some stages, during the case proceeding; for instance, he or she may apply for bail.

Louis Vuitton Expansion Strategy

Louis Vuitton Expansion Strategy Operating in 59 countries, Louis Vuitton is the largest global luxury brand in the world. It is a member of the Louis Vuitton Moà «t Hennessy Group and the main business unit of the conglomerate s fashion and leather goods segment. Louis Vuitton has been very successful in selling its famous handbags, shoes, suitcases and other luxury goods and generated revenues of about $ 4 billion in 2004. Louis Vuitton opened the first store in India in 2003 and one year later the second one in Mumbai, both located in luxury hotels. 2. Problem Statement One main goal for Louis Vuitton is to acquire a customer base of one million Indians by 2010. In order to achieve that it is not only important to serve high-net-worth consumers, but it is also crucial to target the so called cocooners. It is therefore a necessary objective to make the new elite aware of the brand and increase their perception of Louis Vuittons exclusivity. Furthermore, super rich are only willing to pay premium prices for those luxury products which clearly distinguish them from lower tiers of the population. In order to reach these the company can choose among three distinct strategies. 3. Alternatives 3.1. Louis Vuitton in Bollywood In this alternative, Louis Vuitton would have Indian movie actors endorsing its products and a product placement in Bollywood movies. The target segment would not only be the Indian super rich society who is already familiar with the brand, but as well the so called cocooners. Since the Bollywood movies are very popular in India, this strategy would result in general brand awareness in the society. For the celebrity endorsement LV could chose Aishwarya Rai and Shahrukh Khan to be the face of Louis Vuitton India. The campaign would comprise posters, billboards and TV commercials with both actors advertising LV products (Exhibit 1). Since Bollywood actors are perceived as role models and have a great influence in Indian society, it is expected that brand awareness will increase while reinforcing the image of Louis Vuitton as a luxury and lifestyle brand. In addition, Louis Vuitton will have its products placed in Indian movies, which depict wealthy and influential characters. This would include as well the characters shopping at the LV store in the new Emporio luxury mall in order to advertise the store itself. Another positive effect would be increasing LVs market share in the long run. Advertising through Bollywood could help develop the taste of luxury and lifestyle in the so called cocooner segment. 3.2. LV Exclusive Another alternative Louis Vuitton could approach would be to offer a special club card with mould-breaking exclusivity. This special club card would be divided into 3 different levels, the LV Exclusive Silver Card (Exhibit 2), LV Exclusive Gold Card (Exhibit 3) and LV Exclusive Platinum Card (Exhibit 4), based on the amount of money the customer spent. The LV Exclusive Club Card provides the customer with exclusive, high-end services and luxury rewards. After the first purchase of a Louis Vuitton item in one of its Indian stores, customers will receive a basic customer card in order to keep track of the sum of money they spent. The targeted segment for this strategy would be the super rich, who seek exclusivity and are already familiar with the brand. This strategy would certainly increase the brand loyalty of the high-class society because of the unique offers provided by the LV Exclusive Club Card. Additionally, Louis Vuitton will be able to track customer buying patterns and obtain key information about buying behavior through this special club card, which allows them to tailor their products to their customers needs. 3.3. Successful Indian Women Another alternative for the company could be that it focuses on a certain segment in particular the women, who represent a vital part of LV s customers. They are becoming more emancipated and as a powerful group have to be taken into consideration. Indian women need a role model to inspire them, so if Louis Vuitton shows them a successful woman wearing one of its products, the outcome would be inspired women, desiring to possess a LV item. Using such an approach they will target not only a segment consisting of individuals divided by their net income, but strong women that need to give utterance to their achievements. In order to increase the brand awareness among this certain segment, the company should invest in advertising its products. The best place would be an elite specified magazine, dealing with business and social issues, for example India Today, Entrepreneurs, The Business Enterprise and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Reading Hour . The emphasis should be laid on the one side on a picture of a well-known woman like Indira Nooyi (Exhibit 5), CFO and president of PepsiCo, depicting a typical role model. She will represent the thousands of women in the Indian society who have silently overcome the limitations and stood out for better terms. Billboards and ads in online issues of established feminine magazines would support the idea of women power and that in a world ruled by men, women still can be successful and exclusive. As a result, this strategy will help Louis Vuitton to increase brand awareness among all the Indian women and extend its customer database. 4. Issues 4.1. To what extent will Louis Vuittons marketing activities affect customer awareness in India? Louis Vuitton s targeted Indian customer segment requires a different strategy then the ones used by the company throughout the world. The three proposed alternatives provide different approaches as to how Louis Vuitton can service its new generation of customers. Louis Vuitton in Bollywood targets both high-net-worth individuals and the rising cocooners because of the popularity of the Bollywood industry in India. This strategy, however, implies high advertising resources in order to be able to reach the desired segment through product placement and celebrity endorsement. The LV Exclusive club card targets mainly the high net-worth individuals by offering high-end services which increase the shopping-experiences of the customers. While the number of high-net-worth individuals increases by 19.3% a year, according to the World Wealth Report, it is questionable if this customer segment only will be sufficient for Louis Vuitton to reach the target of a one-million customer base by 2010. The third alternative is about targeting successful women. Concentrating on this segment would target both women from the high-net-worth individuals and the cocooners segment. The main disadvantage is to define how many Indian women are ready to break the cultura l boundaries of the paternalistic family structures that still rule in this country. What is the impact of of Louis Vuittons marketing activities on their brand image in India? According to the purchasing behavior of India s high class, consumers are expecting a brand that stands for exclusivity and provides the owner of a Louis Vuitton product with a powerful status symbol. Working closely with the Bollywood industry through product placement and celebrity endorsement will have a high magnitude on increasing customer awareness. While Bollywood celebrities are seen as part of the high class, Louis Vuitton may need to maintain a close look in what movies they will place their products in order to minimize the risk of a brand association with a common product. The LV Exclusive club card system could increase loyalty among already existing customers, offering the brand image a crà ¨me de la crà ¨me status thus underlining the exclusivity of Louis Vuitton items. Last but not least, by tailoring their advertising on women only will associate the brand with a women s product, so Louis Vuitton products for men (i.e. dress shoes, suits, shirts) may suffer. Since India is a collectivist country, women usually buy clothes for the entire family, so the effect of the brand image being associated with a women s brand will be minimal. 4.3. Will LV face a social-status conflict (conflict of interest) by targeting two different customer segments (i.e. HNW individuals and cocooners)? Through the means of LV Exclusive Cards Louis Vuitton is trying to gain loyalty among super rich Indian customers. However, LV must consider the growing product awareness of the cocooners who are not the target group of the Exclusive Cards but will be of fast growing importance as customers. As positive as new customers are in general this also bears the risk of a conflict between the super rich and the cocooners who are much greater in numbers. HNW consumers may start to perceive LV as a rather common brand and switch to different luxury products as cocooners step up the social hierarchy. Furthermore, the second alternative Louis Vuitton in Bollywood could also result in a conflict between those two segments. If the products popularity increases this may have a negative impact on the buying behavior of the HNW consumers. This would go along with the above-mentioned decrease in exclusivity. Finally, women may be an interesting target group as stated in third alternative but conflict s may also occur between the HNW women who may be coming from rich families and the self-made emancipated cocooner woman. These very different types of women will require different endorsing role models which may are perceived negatively by each other group. How long will Louis Vuitton maintain a competitive advantage considering the proposed alternatives? Louis Vuittons advance on the Indian market will not remain unseen by the competition. Other luxury goods producers could benchmark Louis Vuittons approaches. Companies such as Gucci, Prada and Giorgio Armani could easily copy LVs Bollywood strategy as well as the alternative for attracting Indian women. It might be more challenging though to imitate LVs Exclusive Cards approach successfully because Indian high-net-worth costumers will already be loyal to Louis Vuitton in the ideal case and will not be looking for substitutes or additional luxury products in the same segment. 5. Conclusion All in all, while it may require more advertising resources than for example targeting emancipated women via print media, Louis Vuitton in Bollywood proves to reach the highest number of consumers, underlines the brand s exclusivity, and the company will be able to increase its market share in the long run. First, with the Bollywood industry booming in India, Louis Vuitton can reach a wide array of consumers and thus increase the overall customer awareness of Indians. Second, by using celebrity endorsement and selective product placement in movies, the company will be able to clearly communicate a brand image that advocates its exclusivity thus offering its potential customers a means to showcase their success. Last but not least, Louis Vuitton can educate the nouveau riche towards choosing their brand, which will considerably increase their market share in the long run. It is therefore highly recommended that Louis Vuitton in Bollywood is the most appropriate and effective promotion campaign to reach and nurture the emerging new generation of customers in India.

HENRY FORD :: essays research papers

hENRY FORD ---------- He produced an affordable car, paid high wages and helped create a middle class. Not bad for an autocrat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry Ford1863-1947Henry Ford's parents left Ireland during the potato famine and settled in the Detroit area in the 1840s. Ford was born in what is now Dearborn, Michigan. His formal education was limited, but even as a youngster, he was handy with machinery. He worked for the Detroit Edison company, advancing from machine-shop apprentice to chief engineer. In 1893, Ford built a gasoline engine, and within a few years, an automobile, still a novelty item of the rich or do-it-yourself engineers. In 1899 Ford left Edison to help run the Detroit Automobile Company. Cars were still built essentially one at a time. Ford hoped to incorporate ideas from other industries -- standardized parts as Eli Whitney had used with gun manufacturing, or assembly line methods George Eastman tried in photo processing -- to make the process more efficient. This idea struck others in his field as nutty, so before long, Ford quite Detroit Automobile Company and began to build his own ra cing cars. They were good enough to attract backers and even partners, and in 1903, he set up the Ford Motor Company.He still met resistance to his ideas for mass production of a car the average worker could afford. But he stuck to his goal and finally in 1908, began production of the Model T. Ford gradually adapted the production line until in 1913, his plant incorporated the first moving assembly line. Demand for the affordable car soared even as production went up: before Ford stopped making the model T in 1927, 15 million had been sold, and Ford had become the leading auto manufacturer in the country. In addition to the moving assembly line, Ford revolutionized the auto industry by increasing the pay and decreasing the hours of his employees, ensuring he could get enough and the best workers. During the Model T era, Ford bought out his shareholders so he had complete financial control of the now vast corporation. He continued to innovate, but competitors (growing more powerful t hough fewer in number) began to cut into Ford's market share.Ford became interested in politics and as a successful and powerful business leader, was sometimes a participant in political affairs. In 1915, he funded a trip to Europe, where World War I was raging. He and about 170 others went -- without government support or approval -- to seek peace.

Commerce as the optional subject

When I was in the 9th grade, I took up commerce as the optional subject for the sheer reason of exploring it anticipating a career in a non-science field. My High School results card declared my excellence of commerce over science and I took that as a clue to take up commerce in Junior college & to later pursue it in my undergraduate degree. I secured a First Class with a specialization in Financial & Management Accounting. During my days as commerce undergraduate, I came across various options for a choice of career and perceived Management to be a challenging, versatile, innovative & evolving preference of many. Though it attracts a multitude, only a handful are able to make a mark and I want to be amongst those few. Having finished undergraduate studies, unlike many of my batch-mates, I did not opt for a job that would train me in either back office support or bare minimum accounting practices; only to end up doing a clerical job for the sole purpose for earning money. I decided to continue my studies to shape up my career and choose Healthcare Management. I joined the Symbiosis International University to initiate my professional studies. The Healthcare Industry is one, which affects peoples’ lives & contributes towards the building of any nation in a holistic manner. Also, globally one can categorize the Healthcare Industry as one with a high a potential for growth, development and innovation for a better living in times to come. The Business Week Magazine cites that â€Å"since 2001, the health-care industry has added 1.7 million jobs†, which is quite a high number when compared to other industries. Moneycontrol.com, a leading finance & investment oriented website says that â€Å"A latest study by global management consultants McKinsey predicts that India's healthcare industry will reach a staggering USD 190 billion mark in less than two decades†. Job opportunities in the Indian Healthcare Industry are like diamond mines in an unclaimed terrain. Early claimants get the maximum benefits. In this industry, I have discovered various opportunities that can be take me places. To blend my knowledge of finance with healthcare I studied Health Insurance at Bajaj Allianz, India’s leading insurance providers. Further, I worked with a healthcare consultancy & a cardiac care set-up as a part of Project handling teams. Presently, I’m associated with a Super speciality Ophthalmology Institute as Manager (Administration & HR). But, I have come to a conclusion that to succeed in this super specialized industry, I need additional education to build a better career. This is the reason why I look ahead at new horizons for enriching experiences to polish my know-how on Finance. I believe I have the dedication, resilience and resolve required to do justice to my aspirations. I am confident that these traits would help me to contribute to the challenging and intellectually stimulating environment of (NAME) University.

The Biblical Story Behind The Temptation Of Eve - 1209 Words

The Adam; Eve painting represents the biblical story behind the temptation of Eve. The biblical story of Adam and Eve can be found in the first book of Genesis in the bible. In this story Adam and Eve live in the Garden of Eden and God tells them that they can have any fruit from any tree, except one. Adam and Eve were told to stay away from the tree of knowledge and that if they were to eat the apples from this tree they will know what was good and bad, but ultimately it was their choice. Then one day Satan came to the Garden of Eden and told Eve to eat the apple because it would help her become wiser in knowing the difference between good and evil. Eve fell into Satan’s temptation, disregarding God’s wishes, and went ahead and ate the apple and then allowed for her husband to also eat the apple. The eating of the apple opened their eyes and soon they had to leave the Garden of Eden because they disrespected God. They left the garden and lived extremely difficult lives afterwards. The painting by Giulian di Piero di Simone Bugiardini describes part of this story. In the painting, Giulian di Piero di Simone Bugiardini paints Adam and Eve in an oil canvas. The image is in the Garden of Eden and the artist shows Eve handing the forbidden apple to Adam while the serpent watches. The serpent represents Satan, and since he has the head of Eve, he is showing how not only does evil become incorporated in man, but man becomes incorporated in evil. The image looks static becauseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Masolino And Masaccio s Depictions Of Adam And Eve911 Words   |  4 PagesMasolino and Masaccio’s depictions of Adam and Eve as part of a ritual complex that communicated expectations of feminine-gendered behavior. Beginning with an analysis of both images, the text continues by briefly contextualizing the images within the Brancacci chapel. Masolino’s Adam and Eve: The Fall materially approximates â€Å"mankind’s earliest and most far-reaching act of selfishness† to the female body. In this segment of the entrance archway, Eve has presumably bitten - or is about to bite intoRead MoreThe Poem Epic Of Gilgamesh 891 Words   |  4 Pagesknowing that if she showeredEnkidu with her loins, it would humanize him and effectively ostracize him from the beasts with which he was accustomed to roaming. Similarly, in a popular biblical story, Eve seduced Adam into eating the forbidden fruit from the tree of life after God had warned him not to. Thereafter, Adam, Eve and their progeny were forever banned from the Garden of Eden. After Enkidu’s intimate relationship with Shamhat, the beasts he had previously roamed with, exiled him.Enkidu returnedRead MoreBiblical Allusions in The Magicians Nephew952 Words   |  4 Pagesvery interesting story-wise. It has a lot of good morals and allegories teaching in tegrity, self-control and wisdom and is mostly composed of biblical allusions. A biblical allusion is to use a reference from the bible to communicate a hidden meaning. You could compare your best friend to Jonathan, King David’s loyal friend in the books of Samuel. You could also illustrate faith through the strength of the disciples as they remained faithful even in persecution. Many biblical allusions can beRead MoreA Loss of Faith (Young Goodman Brown)1472 Words   |  6 PagesA Loss of Faith The short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† functions as an allegory of the Biblical fall of man, from which Nathaniel Hawthorne draws to illustrate what he sees as the inherent fallibility and hypocrisy in American religion. Hawthorne sets up a story of a man who is tempted by the devil and succumbs because of his curiosity and the weakness of his faith. Throughout the story Goodman struggles, not only with his Faith in Religion but also, his faith in people. The characters (GoodmanRead MoreSymbols in Perelandra by C.S. Lewis1932 Words   |  5 Pageson the exotic planet of Perelandra (Venus), it contains within its pages the Creation legend of Adam and Eve, set in our time but in a different world. Perelandra is a story of an unspoiled world, the Garden of Eden denied to the residents of earth but still open to the two inhabitants of Perelandra. C.S. Lewis uses this unspoiled planet to retell the biblical creation myth of Adam and Eve. In the book, Maleldil, the supernatu ral ruler of the Solar System sends the English philologist Ransom toRead MoreTheme Of Young Goodman Brown1021 Words   |  5 PagesIn a world filled with evil, deceit, and turmoil, everyone is capable of sinning. Humans are by nature sinners and susceptible to evil since the fall of Adam and Eve. The short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne depicts the theme of hypocrisy in the Puritan society and fall into temptation as the protagonist, Young Goodman Brown ventures out into the dark woods to join an evil ceremony. As a faithful, pious Puritan, Goodman Brown is easily swayed into the darkness of the woods whichRead MoreFeminism in the Old Testament- Article Reviews Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesJuskiene, Vaineta. Female Image in the Biblical Text: Aspect of Creationsim.  Feminist -------------Theology. Journal Biblical Literature, 1 Dec. 2010. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Rooke, Deborah W. Feminist Criticism of the Old Testament: Why Bother?Libraries.Slu.Edu. ----Journal Biblical Literature, 1 Jan. 2007. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezp.slu.edu/eds/detail?vid=6hid=101sid=b1182eba-cea0-4340-8ef1-ed25678fc244%40sessionmgr112bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=a9hAN=24052529.    Read MoreOld Versus Young : The Temptation Of Adam And Eve Receive The Forbidden Fruit By Pietro Facchetti1402 Words   |  6 Pagesof Genesis opens with a story of creation; God creates the world and humankind. He fashions a man (Adam) out of dust, and a woman (Eve) from Adam’s rib. God places Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, encouraging them to live and prosper, but not to eat the fruit from the tree of knowledge. Ultimately, Adam and Eve were tempted into eating the fruit, and were punished by God for doing so. Throughout the years, many painters have expressed their own interpretation of this story through their artwork;Read MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1463 Words   |  6 PagesMontresor’s usage of trickery as a biblical allusion, where Montresor symbolizes the serpent, cunning and eloquent. He tempts Fortunato - an allusion to Eve in the Garden of Eden - with a forbidden fruit: The cask of Amontillado (King James Version, Gen. 3.15). The forbidden fruit in the Bible represents an equilibrium between good and evil; furthermore, the Amontillado wine shows a conflict between Montresor and Fortunato, mirroring a good versus evil scenario. The temptation of tasting the AmontilladoRead MoreEssay on The Message Behind A Poison Tree1077 Words   |  5 Pagesend. With this in mind Blake is showing the wrath of God. The next biblical symbol or allusion is that of the foe and garden (Wyatt). These represent the story of Adam and Eve. The foe would be Eve in this case because like Eve, the foe fell for the temptation of the sweet fruit. And the garden would obviously represent the Garden of Eden, which holds the temptation of evil, and in this poem’s case, wrath. The last major biblical symbol or allusion is that of the tree (Wyatt). The tree in the poem

Rainbow Fire Halloween Jack-o-Lantern

Create a spectacular multicolored fire pumpkin for Halloween! This rainbow fire jack-o-lantern is easy to make.   Rainbow Fire Pumpkin Materials You only need a few basic materials for this project. The hand sanitizer contains alcohol, which is flammable, but self-extinguishes due to the water in the product. The boric acid or borax provides additional color to the flames. Carved Halloween jack-o-lantern (use a real pumpkin - plastic will melt!)Hand sanitizerBoric acid or borax What You Do Smear hand sanitizer all over the outside and inside of the jack-o-lantern.Dust the pumpkin with boric acid or borax. You dont need very much to achieve a nice colored effect. Just a light sprinkling will suffice,Ignite the jack-o-lantern.The flame goes out on its own fairly quickly as the alcohol in the hand sanitizer gets used up, leaving you with water. How It Works Boric acid or borax (either works) emit a green light when heated in a flame. The jack-o-lantern gives off a multicolored fire because you have the natural blue of the alcohol flame from the hand sanitizer, the green from the boric acid, orange light coming through the carved pumpkin, plus other colors from where the pumpkin juice mixes with the flame. The pumpkin flesh contains sodium, which imparts a yellow color to the fire. Tips and Safety You dont have to use boric acid or borax. Try other flame colorants for a different color blend.This is a fire project, so adult supervision is required.Be sure to perform this project on a fire-safe surface.You can extinguish the flame at any time by blowing it out.